A few
very
early modern English mentions of the city of Arequipa (translated
into English)
Iohn Huighen van Linschoten (Jan Huyghen van Linschoten). His
discours of voyages into ye Easte & West Indies Deuided into
foure bookes. (1597). Originally in Dutch under the title "Beschrijvinghe van de gantsche custe van Guinea, Manicongo, Angola, Monomotapa..." in 1596. I have a transcription of the original Dutch text if you're interested, it's to be corrected and I don't speak Dutch.
From book II, translation from Dutch to English,
William Phillip (fl. 1600).
«… in the vallie of Quilca lyeth the hauen of
Arequipa, and the towne, so that from Lima or the Kings towne to
Arequipa are ninety Spanish miles, or three
hundred and sixtie Italian miles: the town lyeth about eleuen miles
within the vally of Quilca, distant from the sea in the best and most
pleasant place of all the vallie to bee built vpon, where there is a
verie good and temperate aire, whereby it is commended for one of the
most holsomest places in all Peru, and the pleasantest to dwell in,
being a Bishopricke, and vnder the Iurisdiction of Lyma, hauing in it
about thrée hundred Spanish houses: the countrey thereabouts is
verie fat, and yéeldeth verie good Corne, whereof they make bread:
the limites or Iurisdiction of the towne reacheth from the vallie of
Hacari, to Tarapaca, and in the prouince or countrey of Condesuyo:
they haue likewise authoritie ouer certaine places, which are vnder
the Spanish gouernment: those of Hubnas, Ciqui Guanitta, Quimistaca,
and Colagnas, are all vnder the commandement of this towne, in time
past very populous, and now most part destroyed by the Spaniards:
they pray to the sun, as other Peruuians do, and weare shirts and
mantles, most of their siluer and treasor is brought from Charcas,
and the mynes of Potoisi, and Porco, from thence it is carried to
Lyma, and so to Panama and Spaine: about this towne there is a hill
of Brimstone, which burneth continually, whereby it putteth the
countrey in great feare, doing great hurt vnto the countrey and the
town: sometimes by reason thereof they haue certaine earthquakes:
this towne was builded by Francisco Pizarro in his maiesties name, in
the yeare of our Lord 1536. Many Spanish wares (as wine, oyle,
oliues, meale, corne, or wheate. &c.) are brought thither,
therewith to serue the Countrey of Charcas, and the mines of Potoisi
& Porco. There also many of the Inhabitants of the plaine
countrey do come and traffike,
concerning the mines aforesaide, wherby much siluer and treasor is
brought thither, to be conuayed frō thence into other places:
therabouts on the sea coast are many great Gieren, that spread their
wings at the least fifteene
or sixteene handfulles broade, that liue vpon Sea Wolues, which they
take, picking out theyr eyes, and feeding of theyr bodyes. There are
likewise great numbers of Sea Mewes, by the Spaniards called
Alcatraces,
that likewise liue of sea fish and sea crabs, and such like. Their
flesh is stinking and vnholsome, so that many who for want of meate
haue eaten them, died therof. And thus much for the first part of the
plain countrey of Peru, lying along the sea coast.
(Corrected)
"In the valley of Quilca lies the haven of
Arequipa and the town, so that from Lima or the King's town to
Arequipa are ninety Spanish miles, or three hundred and sixty Italian
miles. The town lies about eleven miles within the valley of Quilca,
distant from the sea in the best and most pleasant place of all the
valley to be built upon, where there is a very good and temperate
air, whereby it is commended as one of the healthiest places in all
Peru, and the pleasantest to dwell in. It is a bishopric and under
the jurisdiction of Lima, having about three hundred Spanish houses.
The country thereabouts is very fertile and yields very good corn,
from which they make bread. The limits or jurisdiction of the town
reach from the valley of Hacari to Tarapaca and into the province or
country of Condesuyo. They also have authority over certain places
that are under Spanish governance. Those of Hubnas, Ciqui Guanitta,
Quimistaca, and Colagnas are all under the command of this town,
which in the past was very populous and now is mostly destroyed by
the Spaniards. They pray to the sun, as other Peruvians do, and wear
shirts and mantles. Most of their silver and treasure is brought from
Charcas and the mines of Potosí and Porco. From there, it is carried
to Lima and then to Panama and Spain. About this town, there is a
hill of brimstone, which burns continually, putting the country in
great fear and doing great harm to the country and the town.
Sometimes, this causes certain earthquakes. This town was built by
Francisco Pizarro in His Majesty's name, in the year of our Lord
1536.
Many Spanish goods
(such as wine, oil, olives, meal, corn, or wheat, etc.) are brought
there to serve the country of Charcas and the mines of Potosí and
Porco. Many of the inhabitants from the plains come and traffic,
concerning the aforementioned mines, whereby much silver and treasure
is brought there to be conveyed to other places. Near the sea coast
are many great vultures, spreading their wings at least fifteen or
sixteen hands wide, that live upon sea lions, which they catch by
picking out their eyes and feeding on their bodies. There are
likewise great numbers of seagulls, called 'Alcatraces'
by the Spaniards, that also live on sea
fish and sea crabs and such like. Their flesh is foul and unhealthy,
so much so that many who have eaten them for lack of other food have
died as a result. And thus much for the first part of the plain
country of Peru, lying along the sea coast."
(al castellano)
"En el valle
de Quilca se encuentra el puerto de Arequipa y la ciudad, de modo que
desde Lima, o la ciudad del Rey, hasta Arequipa hay noventa millas
españolas, o trescientas sesenta millas italianas. La ciudad está
ubicada a unos once millas dentro del valle de Quilca, a una
distancia del mar, en el lugar más adecuado y agradable de todo el
valle para ser construida. Allí hay un aire muy bueno y templado,
por lo cual se considera como uno de los lugares más saludables de
todo el Perú y el más agradable para vivir. Es un obispado y está
bajo la jurisdicción de Lima, contando con unas trescientas casas
españolas.
Los alrededores
del lugar son muy fértiles y producen muy buen maíz [choclo], del cual hacen
pan. Los límites o jurisdicción de la ciudad abarcan desde el valle
de Hacarí hasta Tarapacá y la provincia o territorio de Condesuyos.
También tienen autoridad sobre ciertos lugares bajo el dominio
español. Los pueblos de Hubinas, Chiquiguanita, Quinistacas y
Collaguas están bajo el mando de esta ciudad, que en tiempos pasados
fue muy populosa y ahora en su mayoría ha sido destruida por los
españoles. Ellos rezan al sol, al igual que otros peruanos, y visten
camisas y mantos.
La mayor parte de
su plata y tesoros provienen de Charcas y las minas de Potosí y
Porco. Desde allí, son llevados a Lima y luego a Panamá y España.
Alrededor de esta ciudad hay una colina de azufre que arde
continuamente, lo cual pone al país en gran temor y causa mucho daño
tanto al campo como a la ciudad. A veces, esto provoca terremotos.
Esta ciudad fue construida por Francisco Pizarro en nombre de Su
Majestad en el año de nuestro Señor 1536.
Muchos productos
españoles (como vino, aceite, aceitunas, harina, maíz o trigo,
etc.) se llevan allí para abastecer al territorio de Charcas y las
minas de Potosí y Porco. También llegan muchos habitantes de las
llanuras para comerciar, en relación con las minas mencionadas, lo
que hace que mucha plata y tesoros sean transportados desde allí
hacia otros lugares. Cerca de la costa hay muchos buitres [cóndores] grandes que
extienden sus alas al menos quince o dieciséis palmos de ancho y que
viven de lobos marinos, a los que capturan picándoles los ojos y
alimentándose de sus cuerpos.
También hay una
gran cantidad de gaviotas, llamadas alcatraces por los españoles,
que también se alimentan de peces y cangrejos de mar [apancoras], y similares.
Su carne es apestosa y poco saludable, tanto que muchos que la han
comido por falta de otro alimento han muerto a causa de ello. Y hasta ahí con la primera parte del llano del Perú, que se encuentra a
lo largo de la costa marítima.